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21.
22.
旨在调查当地人对祁连山国家公园生态保护意识的强弱,以地处祁连山国家公园腹地的祁连县县城为例,随机选取祁连县县城流动人口及固定商户,使用问卷调查法进行研究。结果表明:18岁以下调查对象生态保护意识较低,其再受教育水平空间较大,生态保护意识提升空间较大;46~60岁年龄阶段学历层次及政策性知识了解程度较高,对生态保护意识较强;60岁以上调查对象生态保护意识较差,其对生态保护知识及相关政策性知识了解较旧。生态保护意识的强弱伴随年龄及受教育程度的提高而变强,受教育程度是影响生态保护意识最显著的因素,可针对性提出政策以提高生态文明水平及保护意识,积极推动国家公园生态发展。 相似文献
23.
为了明确木醋液对桃蚜短、长期影响,以桃蚜为试虫,用100倍稀释木醋液处理小白菜饲养蚜虫,测得桃蚜繁殖发育数据。结果显示,木醋液处理显著缩短桃蚜繁殖期,而F1代繁殖期比F0代繁殖期延长37%;F0代和F1代产蚜总量与对照组相比分别降低62%和66%;处理组F1代和F2代的存活率比对照组降低23%和24%,但F1代和F2代之间差异不显著;F1代寿命缩短25%,F2代差异不显著。本研究证明木醋液能够缩短桃蚜的繁殖期,延长其若蚜历期,整体缩短桃蚜寿命,降低子代存活率。总之,木醋液对桃蚜的生长发育和繁殖具有一定的抑制作用,但是这种抑制作用会随着施用频次增加而逐渐减弱,即木醋液的短期效应和长期效应存在差异,所以木醋液具有开发为生物农药的价值。 相似文献
24.
针对冬小麦因播期推迟造成产量损失的问题,以2个不同分蘖能力的冬小麦品种中麦8号和航麦501为供试材料,研究苗期覆膜和补施氮肥对晚播小麦产量及氮素利用的影响。试验设置3个播期:10月5日适期播种(S0,对照)、10月15日适当晚播(S1)和10月25日过晚播(S2)。结果表明:随着播期推迟,小麦产量逐渐降低。晚播条件下,苗期覆膜和补施氮肥可调控冬小麦产量构成因素、农艺性状、茎蘖生长、成穗率以及氮素的吸收利用。综合而言,晚播条件下,覆膜和补施氮肥有利于提高小麦穗长、总小穗数及冬前群体数量;同时,覆膜可显著提高2个品种晚播条件下的分蘖成穗率和过晚播条件下的植株氮素积累量(PNA)及氮肥偏生产力(PFP),增幅分别为46.4%~89.1%、12.7%~26.5%和19.5%~20.1%;补施氮肥在过晚播条件下有利于成穗率的提高,增幅为18.5%~34.7%。2种调控措施均有利于增加晚播小麦产量,增幅达1.4%~19.5%。但不同分蘖力的小麦对2种调控措施的响应存在差异。综合考虑产量及氮素利用等各方面因素,在晚播条件下,相比于补施氮肥,苗期覆膜更有利于提高晚播小麦产量,弥补晚播造成的产量损失,但在实际操作和节约生产成本方面,前者优于后者。 相似文献
25.
基于SEBAL模型评估干旱半干旱区人工灌丛植被对陆表蒸散的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
评估人工灌丛植被重建对干旱半干旱区陆地生态系统蒸散的影响,不仅能揭示植被变化与水文过程的耦合机理,又可为区域生态治理与水资源管理提供科学指导。该研究利用Landsat-8OLI/TIR遥感影像及气象数据等驱动SEBAL模型,反演宁夏盐池县的年内不同日期的陆表蒸散,结合目视解译选取的人工灌丛区与对照草地,评估了人工灌丛植被对陆表蒸散的影响。结果表明:1)SEBAL模型的蒸散反演精度与站点观测结果较为一致,可用于干旱半干旱区蒸散反演及空间特征研究;2)盐池县人工灌丛植被区日平均蒸散为1.20mm/d,高于对照草地1.17mm/d的日平均蒸散量,即干旱半干旱区人工种植灌木林增加了生态系统水分消耗,但不同季节和不同生物地理条件下的蒸散增强作用存在差异,蒸散增强在8月份最大,而3、4月份呈现负效应;3)人工灌丛的密度越大、植被盖度越高,对陆表蒸散的增强作用越强,特别在NDVI0.4的高盖度情况下蒸散增强作用更加明显。由此可知,在水资源紧缺的干旱半干旱区开展以灌木树种为主的植被重建需在合理的生态水文阈值范围内开展,才能构建出稳定可持续的人工生态系统。 相似文献
26.
为探索植物生长调节剂甲哌鎓、矮壮素在棉花控旺防徒长、增产等方面的调控效果,于2017年采用高喷雾量和常规量喷雾两种施药方式,分别于棉花初花期、盛花期和花铃期进行2~3次喷施,研究了98%甲哌鎓SP和50%矮壮素AS对棉花生长调控的影响。结果表明,98%甲哌鎓SP 73.5~117.6 g·hm-2和50%矮壮素AS 37.5~60 g·hm-2对棉花生长均有一定程度的调控作用,尤其对棉花株高、吐絮率、果枝数均有显著影响,且常规喷雾量处理对株高抑制效果优于高喷雾量处理。同时,二者均可显著提高棉花产量,改善棉纤维品质。相同施药方式下,甲哌鎓和矮壮素于棉花初花期、盛花期喷施2次对棉花生长调控效果更好。 相似文献
27.
Dietary Lipid Levels Affect the Growth Performance,Lipid Deposition,and Antioxidative Capacity of Juvenile Scaleless Carp,Gymnocypris przewalskii,on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau 下载免费PDF全文
Qiwei Qin Yanlin Tong Ruman Zhu Guoqian Xu Yuan Shi Jianquan Shi Rui Ma 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(4):788-797
A 56‐d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, lipid deposition, and antioxidative capacity of juvenile scaleless carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii, on Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. One‐year‐old juveniles (initial weight: 15.99 ± 0.02 g) were fed practical diets with different lipid levels of 4, 5.5, 7, 8.5, and 10%, respectively. Results showed that the best specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate, and total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed the diet with 7% lipid level. Fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) had significantly higher condition factor and viscerosomatic index as well as lipid in muscle, intestine, mesenteric fat tissue, and whole body. Highest level of hepatopancreas lipase and lipoprotein lipases activities as well as malondialdehyde content and the lowest level of feed intake and T‐AOC content in hepatopancreas and intestine were also observed in fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on SGR and hepatopancreas T‐AOC content, dietary lipid requirement of juvenile G. przewalskii was estimated to be 7.35 and 7.39%, respectively. 相似文献
28.
Na Wei Chengcheng Wang Shijun Xiao Weiqing Huang Mao Lin Qingpi Yan Ying Ma 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(1):256-267
The polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) of 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to investigate bacterial communities in the intestines of large yellow croaker at six different ages (12 d, 18 d, 26 d, 40 d, 3 mo, and 1 yr old) as well as within the corresponding feed and culture water. In addition, Illumina Miseq sequencing was utilized to compare intestinal microbiota between 12‐d‐old and 1‐yr‐old individuals. PCR‐DGGE results revealed that the culture water had the highest bacterial diversity, followed by the feed, while the intestines had the lowest diversity. The intestinal microbiota at six ages changed severely; however, the change did not follow any trend. The large yellow croaker intestines harbored specific bacterial communities that differed from those in both feed and water. Illumina Miseq sequencing results revealed that the diversity of intestinal bacteria in 12‐d‐old fish was higher than that in 1‐yr‐old fish, and the bacterial composition differed significantly between them. γ‐Proteobacteria and Pseudoalteromonas supplied the most abundant phylum and genus in the 12‐d‐old fish intestine. However, in the 1‐yr‐old fish intestine, Firmicutes and Clostridium were the most dominant, respectively. The study may contribute to a better understanding of gut microbiota and dynamics of the large yellow croaker and the relationship with their surrounding environment. 相似文献
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30.
Mechanical insights into the effect of fluctuation in soil moisture on nitrous oxide emissions from paddy soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paddy fields are subjected to fluctuating water regimes as a result of the alternate drying and wetting water management, which often incurs a sensitive change in N2O emissions from paddy soils. However, how the soil moisture regulates the emission of N2O from paddy soil remains uncertain. In this study, three incubation experiments were designed to study the effects of constant and fluctuating soil moisture on N2O emission and the sources of N2O emission from paddy soil. Results showed that the N2O emission from paddy soil at 100 % WHC (water-holding capacity) was higher than that at 40, 65, 80, 120, and 160 % WHC, indicating that 100 % WHC was the optimum soil moisture content for N2O emission under the incubation experiment. Small peak of N2O flux appeared when the soil moisture content from 250 % WHC decreased near to 100 % WHC, lower than that triggered by nitrogen (N) fertilization, which was mainly owing to the low NH4 + concentration at this period. Nitrification dominated the emissions of N2O from paddy soil at 250 % WHC (54.96 %), higher than that of nitrification-coupled denitrification (6.74 %) and denitrification (38.3 %). The contribution of denitrification to N2O emissions (44.10 %) was equivalent to that of nitrification (44.45 %) in soil at 100 % WHC, which was higher than that of 250 % WHC treatment. In conclusion, the finding suggested that the peak of N2O in paddy soils during midseason aeration could be attributed to the occurrence of optimum soil moisture under sufficient N availability, favorable for the production and accumulation of N2O. 相似文献